Learning Competencies
PHYSICS
Fourth Year
Specific
Competencies
At the end of the Fourth Year
Science Program, the learner shall have developed the following competencies:
I. Energy in Society
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1.
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Appreciate the importance of energy resources and energy use in
development.
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1.1
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Explain the role of energy in the development of human society.
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1.2
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Discuss examples of the interaction among energy, technology and
society (e.g. effects of energy in the environment, economic growth and
energy demand; energy resources and energy crisis, etc.).
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1.3
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Infer that the total mass-energy in the universe is constant.
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II.
Energy
and the Environment
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1.
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Understand the principles behind different optical instruments.
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1.1
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Investigate the reflection and refraction properties of light using
simple optical devices (e.g. mirror and pinhole camera).
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1.2
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Compare the similarities and differences of the principle of the camera
and the human eye.
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1.3
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Explain the different kinds of eyesight defects and how lenses correct
these defects.
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1.4
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Demonstrate total internal reflection, diffraction, interference, and
polarization properties of light.
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1.5
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Explain and cite applications of internal reflection, diffraction,
interference, and polarization properties.
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1.6
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Setup a simple telescope and microscope.
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1.7
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Explain using ray diagrams how image is formed in a telescope and a
microscope.
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2.
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Appreciate the contribution of scientists in the development of the
atomic theory and in understanding nuclear radiation.
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2.1
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Discuss the contributions of Becquerel, Pierre and Marie Curie on
radioactivity.
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2.2
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Explain Einstein’s matter-energy equivalence.
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2.3
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Recognize the significance of the contributions of scientists in
nuclear energy and related technology.
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3.
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Understand basic concepts of atomic structure and nuclear radiation.
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3.3
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Discuss and compare the types and properties of ionizing radiation.
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3.4
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Interpret equations on nuclear reactions.
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3.5
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Calculate the mass defect and nuclear binding energy of an atom using
the Einstein’s matter-energy equivalence.
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4.
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Appreciate the uses of nuclear radiation in society.
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4.1
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Explain the effects of these applications on living things and the
environment.
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4.2
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Evaluate the risks and benefits derived from the applications of
nuclear radiation.
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4.3
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Explain the principle of radiation safety and its importance in
society.
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III. Energy in the Home
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1.
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Appreciate the contributions of Franklin, Coulomb, Volta, and Ohm in
the understanding of electricity.
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1.1
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Discuss the significance of the
contributions of Franklin, Coulomb, Volta, Ohm and other Filipino
inventors/scientists in electrical energy and related technology.
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2.
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Understand the basic concepts and principles of electricity as used in
home circuit connections.
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2.1
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Trace the electrical connections from the meter to the appliances.
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2.2
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Translate circuit diagrams into actual circuits and vice versa.
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2.3
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Measure electric current through a conductor, voltage across it and its
resistance.
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2.4
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Determine experimentally interrelationships among current, voltage and
its resistance.
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2.5
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Apply Ohm’s Law to series and parallel circuits.
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2.6
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Relate power to voltage and current.
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2.7
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Discuss and practice safety measures in dealing with electricity.
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2.8
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Compute electrical energy consumption.
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2.9
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Suggest ways of using electrical energy wisely.
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IV. Energy and the Economy
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1.
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Appreciate the role of energy generation, utilization and management
and conservation in economic development.
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1.1
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Describe the development of various energy resources in the country.
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1.2
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Evaluate the risks and benefits associated with energy development.
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2.
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Recognize the contributions Oersted, Ampere and Faraday to
electromagnetic theory.
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2.1
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Demonstrate Oersted’s discovery.
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2.2
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Compare the contributions of Faraday and Oersted to electromagnetic
theory.
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2.3
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Discuss the significance of Faraday’s contribution to the development
of human society.
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3.
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Demonstrate understanding of the technology of electrical energy
generation and transmission, and use.
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3.1
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Explain electromagnetic induction.
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3.2
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Discuss how electromagnetic induction is applied to generators and
transformers.
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3.3
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Differentiate a step-up from a step-down transformer.
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3.4
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Describe the energy transformation in electrical power plants.
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3.5
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Describe the energy transformation in electrical energy from a power
station to the community.
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3.6
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Discuss the working principle of an electric motor.
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3.7
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Differentiate a motor from a generator.
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3.8
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Discuss the transformation of electrical energy to different forms.
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V. Energy in Transportation
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1.
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Trace the development in transportation facilities from the
animal-driven to engine-powered vehicles.
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1.1
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Discuss how the steam engine ushered in the Industrial Revolution.
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2.
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Demonstrate understanding of the relationship among force, power, work
and energy.
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2.1
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Explain the relationship of kinetic energy and potential energy to work
and cite applications.
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2.2
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Apply the Law of Conservation of Mechanical Energy in different
situations.
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2.3
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Discuss the Laws of Thermodynamics as applied to heat engines.
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3.
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Understand concepts in force and motion as applied to land and air/sea
transport.
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3.1
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Apply Newton’s Laws of Motion to land transportation.
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3.2
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Explain road safety measures using the Law of Conservation of Momentum.
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3.3
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Explain how the concepts of stress and strain, pressure and the
Archimedes Principle apply to air and/or sea transport.
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VI.
Energy
in Information and Communication Technology
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1.
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Trace the development of communication technologies.
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1.1
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Recognize the contributions of Graham Bell, Maxwell, Hertz and Marconi
in the development of telecommunications.
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1.3
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Describe communication in terms of energy transfer and transformations.
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2.
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Understand the transformation of energy in a telephone.
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2.1
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Compare the transmission of sound through air with its transmission
through solids, liquids, and a vacuum.
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2.2
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Discuss the factors that affect the speed of sound.
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2.3
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Explain how sound waves are produced, transmitted and propagated.
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2.4
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Discuss how information is transmitted and received in terms of energy
transfers and transformations in a telephone.
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3.
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Appreciate the properties of electromagnetic waves and how they are
used in communication.
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3.1
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Explain how electromagnetic waves are produced.
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3.2
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Discuss the different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, their
properties and uses.
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4.
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Understand the principles involved in radio communications.
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4.1
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Describe how radio signals are generated, transmitted and received.
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4.2
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Explain how radio communication devices (e.g. Cellphones, radio/TV
receivers) work.
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4.3
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Discuss how LASER and fiber optics had improved telecommunication.
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5.
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Appreciate rapid transmission of information brought about by developments
in electronics technology.
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5.1
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Differentiate between discrete electronic components and integrated
circuits.
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5.2
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Understand how logic circuits are used in common electronic devices.
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5.3
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Differentiate between digital and analog methods in sending
information.
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6.
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Understand how the information superhighway has influenced the affairs
of daily living.
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6.1
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Discuss how the information superhighway has influenced the affairs of
daily living.
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